One day in 1884, Charles Henry Dow averaged the closing prices of 11 stocks he considered representative of the U.S. economy in a paper that preceded The Wall Street Journal.

Probably the most broadly based market index is the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index. Originally comprising 5,000 stocks, the Wilshire 5000 now includes the stocks of more than 6,700 publicly traded companies. This market capitalization-weighted index tracks the overall performance of stocks actively traded on the American stock exchanges; the companies are all headquartered in the United States.

Basically, indexes are imaginary portfolios of securities that represent a particular market or section of the market. Each index has its own method of calculating a change in its base value, often expressed as a percentage change. Thus, you might hear that an index has risen or fallen by a certain percentage. Although you can’t invest directly in an unmanaged index, you can invest in an index mutual fund that attempts to mirror a particular index by investing in the securities that comprise the index. The performance of an unmanaged index is not indicative of the performance of any specific investment.

Employer-sponsored retirement plans are more valuable than ever. The money in them grows tax deferred until it is withdrawn at retirement. And contributions to a 401(k) plan actually reduce your taxable income. But figuring out how to manage the assets in your retirement plan can be confusing, particularly in times of financial uncertainty.

All the stocks in an index have at least one element in common. They might trade on the same stock market exchange, belong to the same industry, or have similar market capitalizations. Some of the more widely known indexes are the Dow, the S&P 500, the Nasdaq Composite, the Wilshire 5000, and the Russell 2000.

Dollar cost averaging does not ensure a profit or prevent a loss. Such plans involve continuous investments in securities regardless of the fluctuating prices of such securities. You should consider your financial ability to continue making purchases through periods of low price levels. Dollar cost averaging can be an effective way for investors to accumulate shares to help meet long-term goals.

A guaranteed interest contract offers a set rate of return for a specific period of time, and it is typically backed by an insurance company. Generally, these contracts are very safe, but they still depend on the claims-paying ability of the company that issues them.

Click: Market Timing or visit: Financial Advisor

A mutual fund is a pooled investment. When you buy shares in a mutual fund, you are buying shares in a professionally managed portfolio of stocks, bonds, or other securities.

Investment managers are responsible for buying and selling securities according to specific investment objectives, which are identified in the prospectus. Buying shares of a mutual fund can give you built-in diversification. A single mutual fund holds many different securities. When you buy into a mutual fund, investment professionals manage your money. They carefully research, select, and supervise all the assets in the mutual fund. This frees you from having to select and track individual investments. When you invest in mutual funds, you get access to some of the finest investment minds on Wall Street.

They like having a professional manager oversee the day-to-day decisions that a changing stock investment involves and see that as a distinct advantage. A good manager, they might argue, has access to information that would cost them an exorbitant amount, even if they had the time and inclination to do the work themselves.

Finally, many mutual funds offer low initial investment amounts – some as low as $1,000, and in other cases, even less. Mutual fund fees also vary and can be lower than other investment alternatives. Mutual funds are offered by prospectus, which contains complete information about the objectives, risk, fees and minimum investment amounts. It should be read carefully before investing. All in all, mutual funds offer a variety of benefits. In many cases, they are ideal investment vehicles for experienced and beginning investors.

When one security in a fund drops, an insightful fund manager may have included stocks that could cushion or offset that loss. Diversification is a big selling factor for mutual funds; there is, in fact, relative safety in numbers. But that’s not to say that an investor couldn’t diversify via his own stock selections. Remember that diversification cannot eliminate or guarantee against the risk of investment loss; it is a method used to help manage investment risk.

Growth and income funds attempt to achieve both long-term growth and current income. They invest primarily in high-yield common stock, preferred stock, and convertible debt (bonds) to generate both growth and income. Because they include a mix of investments, these funds are typically less risky than growth funds.

International and global mutual funds offer diversification into international stock markets. International funds invest only in foreign securities. Global funds, on the other hand, can invest in foreign and U.S. securities. The additional risks associated with investing on a worldwide basis include differences in regulation of financial data and reporting, currency exchange differences, as well as economic and political systems that may be different that those in the United States.

Sector funds invest in specific industries or sectors of the economy, such as communications, aerospace and defense, or health care. While they may be diversified within a particular sector, they lack broad diversification. This increases their investment risk. These funds typically seek long-term capital appreciation.

Visit http://market-timing.org/TheStock.aspx to find the best advice on how it is when Timing The Stock Market.